Browsing International Journal of Management and Leadership Studies (IJMLS): Volume 2 Issue 1 by Subject

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      Subject
      Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a strategy used by organizations to achieve their Performance as well as benefit the community. Nzoia Sugar Company is one of the organizations that embrace CSR practice and therefore it is expected to have good performance. The company experiences challenges such as inadequate supply of raw materials as a result of inefficiency in payment of suppliers and limited profits as a result of less sales, among others. The purpose of the study was to examine how corporate social responsibility practice affected organizational performance. The study was guided by stakeholder theory which puts emphasis on the need for organizations to secure the interests of stakeholders and shareholders. Data collection was done by structured and semi-structured questionnaires and interviews guides. The reliability of the instruments was checked by use of Cronbach's alpha which was 0.78 that was high enough, while validity was checked by use of content validity index whose value was 0.66. Pearson correlation coefficient (r) was used to establish the relationship between the variables. The test was conducted at p< 01 and p< 05 significance level. The results indicated that sponsorship of sports had the highest influence on performance with correlation of r = 0.761, followed by educational support with r = 0.672. Promotion of community health and supporting income generating activities had r = 0.488 and r = 0.540 respectively. Findings provide insights about the type of CSR activities that may be important in influencing performance of companies. The company can also make their CSR practice known to the community and beyond through advertisements. Key words: Corporate Social Responsibility, Organizational Performance and Practice. [1]
      Crop and livestock production are major subsectors of agriculture upon which most rural households in Kenya depend for their livelihoods. However, these subsectors are the most affected by climate variability and change, especially in the dry lands. Drought which is one of the major manifestations of climate change has become more common and frequent with adverse effects, leading to massive crop failures and livestock mortalities. Various stakeholders and institutions have been involved in a number of multi-sectoral and multi-disciplinary programs aimed at enhancing adaption to climate change among the local communities particularly in the dry lands of Kenya. A desktop based study was adopted for in-depth literature review to evaluate partnerships that various stakeholders and institutions have adopted and how they have impacted adaptation to climate change in Kibwezi sub-county, in the lower eastern dry lands of Kenya. This study found that the local community members, KALRO, FAO of the United Nations, and the national and county governments have collaborated and partnered at various levels in not only to enhance fodder production and marketing for improved spatial-temporal availability of pastures for livestock but also as an alternative source of income through the sale of hay and grass seeds. This intervention will enhance adoption of fodder technologies and productivity. Keywords: adaptation, climate change, fodder production, marketing, partnerships [1]
      Despite their contributions to income and employment creation, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in general are currently faced with many problems. These SMEs are facing tough business environment characterized by competition and dynamic change in customers' demands and preference. As a consequence, most SMEs do not survive up to their fifth birthday. The study therefore sought to establish the effect of innovation on performance of entrepreneurship businesses with a focus on Small and Medium Enterprises in Nairobi City County. The specific objectives that guided the paper were to establish the influence of product innovation on performance of Small and Medium Enterprises in Nairobi City County, to determine the influence of process innovation on performance of Small and Medium Enterprises in Nairobi City County and to establish the influence of market innovation on performance of Small and Medium Enterprises in Nairobi City County. It employed a descriptive research design. The target population was about 10,000 SMEs in Nairobi City County. Fisher's formula was used to calculate a sample of 106 SMEs. Stratified random sampling technique was used to select the sample and questionnaires were the main instrument for data collection. Regression analysis results showed that product innovation, process innovation as well as market innovation all were positive and had statistically significant relationship with performance of entrepreneurship businesses in Nairobi City County. The study recommends that SMEs firm should produce new products and services that are specifically tailored to suit market needs, adopt a step by step technique when designing product and services for guaranteed quality and that they need to pursue market innovation strategies that focus on product customization and customer intimacy in delivering their products and services while at the same time cultivating relationships with a small number of captive customers. Keywords: Innovation, entrepreneurship businesses, Nairobi City County [1]
      Emerging challenges of the Internet and digitization on print media has resulted in loss of circulation and advertising revenue, job cuts and sometimes, closure of media companies. In the midst of these challenges is the pressure on the print companies to transition to multi-platform delivery. Whereas it is generally stated that developing economies still exhibit a prospering newspaper industry, the challenge of the Internet and digitization has been found to affect most Kenyan media. This paper involved literature review and document analysis to investigate the trends that have compelled newspapers in the first world to transition to Internet and digitized modes of news delivery, in order to understand the strategies that have bolstered management of this change process. Specific objectives were to investigate how digitization has affected profitability of media houses in Kenya and secondly, to find out the strategies that media houses use to cope with challenges resulting from Internet and digitization. The paper found out that most of the newspaper readership traffic has migrated to the Internet, with content increasingly being delivered through electronic devices such as computers, smart phones, e-readers and tablets; and that the print media have managed to continue surviving the Internet and digitization threats due to effective use of new media management models, and strengthening of technical and leadership skills of the media managers. The paper concludes that there is need for the print media to devise an appropriate change process to effectively counter the effect of Internet and digitization on content and revenue. Among recommendations of the paper is that empirical research be conducted in Kenya to establish the extent to which digitization and Internet has affected its traditional business model to inform the process of change. Key Words: Convergence; Digitization; Multi-platform approach; Print media; [1]
      Many studies have established that Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are becoming increasingly important in terms of development and innovations. However, many firms perform dismally and fail to grow. It has also been established that there is high mortality rate of SMEs within two years of their operations. Given this high failure rate, it has become necessary to conduct a study on the factors that affect SMEs performance and thus progress to the growth phase of organizational life cycle. This study sought to establish factors affecting performance of SMEs in Kenya. Its specific objectives were to investigate effect of access to business information on performance of SMEs in Kenya, to find out how access to finance affect performance of SMEs in Kenya and to establish the effect of managerial skills on performance of SMEs in Kenya. The study employed a descriptive research design based on desk research to achieve the objectives. Among variables that were found to positively affect business performance were access to business information and managerial skills. However, access to finance was found to negatively affect business performance. The study concluded that access to business information and managerial skills are key socio-economic factors affecting business performance of SMEs. A major recommendations of the study is that the government should start providing crucial business information and improve policies on SME's access to business finance as this will enable enterprises to make informed investment decisions as well as enhance their entrepreneurial skills to enable them recognize and exploit the available business opportunities. Keywords: Small and Micro Enterprises, performance, Investment decisions [1]
      The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between leadership style, resource availability and performance of small and medium enterprises. Specifically, the study focused on determining how leadership style and resource availability affect the performance of the small and medium enterprises. The results of the study sought to benefit the small and medium enterprises, customers in the small and medium enterprises as well as other scholars and researchers. The study was triggered by high variation and high record of defective in the industry as evidence by Toyota recall of 8.8 million vehicles due to problems with the accelerator. The study employed descriptive research design. The target population for the study was 482 staff at Varomatech Limited which is one of the small and medium enterprise. During data collection, 145 staff working in the organization were sampled using stratified simple random sampling. Questionnaires were physically administered to the sample population. A pilot study was conducted to test the accuracy of the research instruments to ensure reliability and validity of research data. Descriptive statistics including mean and standard deviation was used to analyse data. The relationship between independent and dependent variables was determined using regression model using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Research findings were presented using graphs, pie charts and frequency tables. The research findings indicate that resource availability explains 53.6 percent of organizational performance at Varomatech Limited. The research findings further indicated that leadership style did not have statistical significant impact on performance at Varomatech Limited. The study therefore concluded that resource availability had positive and significant impact on performance at Varomatech Limited. The researcher therefore recommends that top management should determine the optimal resources needed and provide those resources for effective performance. Key Words: Leadership style, Resource availability, small and medium enterprises [1]
      The phenomenon with of people working and living on the street is a growing social problem in both developing and developed countries. The overall objective of this study was to explore the challenges facing street families rehabilitation programmes in Kenya. Specifically the study sought to investigate the socio-economic, environmental and caregiving challenges in the rehabilitation of street families. The study was guided by medical theory of rehabilitation. The study used simple random sampling that sampled 125 respondents out of the 250 rehabilitation centers supported by the Street Families Program. Data were collected using structured questionnaire, coded, keyed and analyzed quantitatively using descriptive statistics. Analysis of study findings established that families are facing an array of challenges occasioned by the erosion of the traditional extended families coupled with rapid urbanization. As a result, these boys and girls are stripped of their childhood and sent to the streets to live without parental care. It is here that they are exposed to constant hazards, both physically and psychologically; and this leads to their early exposure to vices, such as drugs, sex and criminal activities. This results to high rates of recidivism and low reintegration rates to their communities. The study strongly recommended that caregivers should be trained on skills on how to provide rehabilitation services. A training manual should be developed to deal with the issue, which can be used as a tool for training of trainers. The physical and environmental challenges facing rehabilitation of street families should be addressed to increase the suitability of rehabilitation centers by provision of recreational and adequate facilities for their development. Besides, rehabilitation centers must address individual needs, such as counseling and guidance, food, shelter and training to those in rehabilitation programmes. The caregivers need to be given training in psycho social skills and continuous counselling for the to effectively manage the rehabilitation programs. Key Words: Psychological, Recreational, Rehabilitation, Street Families, Training [1]
      This paper set out to review studies that have been done in the area of technological innovation and the growth of entrepreneurship in developing countries. Specifically, the review aimed at examining the challenges facing entrepreneurial growth in developing countries and develop a conceptual foundation that demonstrates the synergy between entrepreneurial growth and technological innovation in developing countries. The literature review found out that entrepreneurial growth in developing countries face challenges associated with the entrepreneurial environment and the individual capacity of entrepreneurs. However, even beyond these, entrepreneurial growth in developing countries still faces a distinct lag in the diffusion of technological innovations from developed countries. This is partly due to low and falling levels of investment in R&D and huge bureaucracies in government procedures. The study concluded that technological innovation has a positive role in entrepreneurial growth in developing countries and thus investment in building the capacity of entrepreneurs, partnerships and collaborations that stimulate technological innovations are critical if the benefits that entrepreneurship offers are to be realized. Keywords Technological innovation, Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurial Growth, Innovation [1]